技术越狱:Bitcoin到Namecoin

bitcoin技术也打破了其利基。现在正在调整，进一步下放域名系统。这种新的技术adapation被称为Namecoin。

随着全球域名系统的权力下放的需要，或者更具体地说，它的注册部分，成为特别清楚，当从事域名扣押，先是盗版，然后打击非法赌博。不管理由可能是，当局表示不确定性和风险的企业和恐惧普通用户。技术措施是必要的搏斗，在他们的控制能力得到自己的哪些域的政府的权力。

来此的第一个项目，当然，点的P2P项目。然而，他们无法找出适当的技术解决方案域名注册。相反，创始人决定推迟，直到后来的技术挑战。这意味着将集中登记，但它的原因很可能为政府抓住域注册过程。拒绝面对的首要问题变得没有实际意义的项目失去了动力。最终，该项目是在几个月内就死了，没有视线和垃圾邮件的战斗活动以外的任何活动的wiki代码。

但是，为什么是分散的域名注册点的P2P项目，拒绝面对它的这样一个大问题，即使其系统的铰链上的成功，解决它？

答案是Zooko的三角形。该图只是说给网络协议的名称有一定的权衡 。三个可能的特征是：人类有意义的，安全和权力下放 。仅仅意味着人类有意义的名称不乱码给人类 。安全的手段，这是不可能的假 。中央下放手段缺乏。换句话说，它大概是不可能实现所有这三个特点。相反，你只能解决大多数，两个特点。域名，例如，在当前的主导系统，安全和人类有意义的 。

同时，用户Appamato建议，会变成怎样的起源 Namecoin ， BitDNS 。它产生了20页的讨论，其中有很大的争议，很少共识 。有些人的思想，取得了一个粗略的共识跨采和blockchain专业化。

跨采，聪中本首先提出的，是安全BitDNS和bitcoin blockchains的。相反只是bitcoins采矿，矿工将能够开采domaincoins。这允许BitDNS blockchain一样安全作为bitcoin，或至少更容易安全。此功能尚未通过Namecoin实施，但它在​​发展TODO列表。

blockchain专业化的需要，是因为它有利于人们只用它作为交换媒介，以尽量减少bitcoin blockchain大小。如果其他数据，如域名，这将大大膨胀了blockchain。如需使用blockchains，因此腹胀，privillege，域名所有者将支付较高的费用。这意味着人使用它仅仅是为了解决行业竞争的人需要专门用途bitcoin块链。通过创建一个单独的blockchain，将会有较少竞争和用户之间将有更少的节点下载膨胀。

当然，如何Namecoin解决Zooko的三角形？

每个Namecoin的公共地址，是私钥。这些私钥字面上单独控制谁可以控制的blockchain范围内的域名记录。如果你没有正确的密钥，事实上，你并不拥有它。法院说什么不要紧。从本质上讲，域名所有权是数学的结果，而不是人类社会的法律遵守。此外，这个名字的意义也实施登记费，硬币供应稀缺，网络费用和交易费用矿工设置。这防止在一个伟大的抢注册域名的人。

连同工作证明，人们可以有理由相信blockchain是namecoin域名系统的真实记录。然后，DNS服务器将解析blockchain要使用的数据库作为信息服务的域名。由于namecoin就像bitcoin是在相当多的许多其他方面，它也是权力下放和安全。

在长期技术突变，namecoin不远处就是bitcoin。它使用一个IRC频道，为引导，有21万硬币相同的供应限制。它是互换，整除，耐用，并作为bitcoin罕见。它的多一点点blockchain大小臃肿，仅仅是因为，namecoin存储的记录。有一些额外的命令为域名注册和更改细节。我们可以预期namecoin和bitcoin份额相当长一段时间的补丁。总有一天namecoin可能发散以至于bitcoin代码库的补丁都派不上用场，但它是很难预测未来的发展道路，bitcoin和namecoin开发人员所采取的。

namecoins市场不相当强劲，但它似乎是的情况下，人们大多只交换namecoin bitcoin。这使的意义，因为bitcoin社会驱动namecoin通过namecoin bitcoin社区内发芽的脸。这也更安全，而不是namecoin交换贝美元汇率namecoin和bitcoin。最终，一个专门的市场，很像mtgox，将弹出支持namecoin和bitcoin交流。Web界面，很像mybitcoin.com，将开发，以纾缓注册域名的过程中。这也是不容易为普通用户访问。位域。最好的情况下通过世界各地的认识和使用的namecoin数据库为域名服务器。namecoin市场的发展和新的工具将实现全球霸权的关键。

无论将在未来的历史演变，Namecoin是，在历史名词，在短短的时间Bitcoin的发明中发生的不可预见的创新。这是Bitcoin技术的第一个技术越狱之一，它是不太可能的最后。

英文如下：

Throughout the history of technology, technologies often jailbreak from their little niches. People often found new uses for technologies intended for other niches. For example, the internet was originally intended to be a military network. Even public key cryptography broke out of its niche, which is simple encryption, but is also used to authenticate identities.

The technology of bitcoin is also breaking out of its niche. It is now being adapted to further decentralize the domain name system. This new technological adapation is called Namecoin.

The need for decentralization of the global domain name system, or more specifically, the registration part of it, became especially clear when ICE engaged in the seizure of domain names, at first for piracy, and then against illegal gambling. Whatever the justification may be, the authorities represent an uncertainty and risk to businesses and fear to ordinary users. Technological initiatives are necessary to wrestle away the power of governments over their ability to control who get to own what domains.

The first project to come out of this was, of course, the dot-P2P project. However, they could not figure out the proper technological solution to domain name registrations. Instead, the founder decided to put off the technological challenge until later. That mean registration would be centralized, but it is the registration process that is the reason why it is possible for governments to seize domains. The refusal to face the primary problem became moot as the project lost momentum. Eventually, the project was dead in matter of months, with no code in sight and the wiki with no activities other than spam fighting activities.

But why was decentralizing domain name registration is such a big problem that the dot-P2P project refused to confront it, even though the success of their system hinge on them solving it?

The answer is Zooko's triangle. The diagram simply states that there are certain tradeoff for giving names in a network protocol. The three possible characteristics are: human-meaningful, secure, and decentralized. Human-meaningful simply means that names are not gibberish to humans. Secure means that it is not possible to fake. Decentralized means lack of central authorities. In other words, it is supposedly impossible to achieve all three of these characteristics. Rather, you could only settle on most, two characteristics. Domain names, for example, in the current dominant system, are secure and human-meaningful.

(For excruciating details on how namecoin work, please refer to this guide.)

Meanwhile, user Appamato propose what would become the origin of Namecoin,BitDNS. It spawned 20 pages of discussion in which there are much controversy and few consensus. Some of the ideas that achieved a rough consensus are cross-mining and blockchain specialization.

Cross-mining, first proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto, is meant to secure both blockchains of BitDNS and bitcoin. Instead of just mining for bitcoins, miners would be able to mine for domaincoins. This allows the BitDNS blockchain to be just as secure as bitcoin or at least more easily secured. This feature is not yet implemented by Namecoin, but it is on the development TODO list.

The need for blockchain specialization is because it is better to minimize the size of the bitcoin blockchain in favor of people who are only using it as a medium of exchange. If other data come in, such as domain names, it would greatly bloat the blockchain. For the privillege of using the blockchains and consequently bloating it, the domain name owner would pay a higher fee. That mean people who need the bitcoin block chain for specialized purpose will compete with people who are using it merely to settle trades. By creating a separate blockchain, there will be less competition between users and there would be less bloat for nodes to download.

Of course, how does Namecoin solves Zooko's triangle?

With each Namecoin's public addresses, are private keys. These private keys alone control literally who gets to control domain name records within the blockchain. If you don't have the right key, de-facto, you don't own it. It doesn't matter what the courts say. In essence, domain name ownership is the result of mathematics rather than the result of humans' adherence to the law of societies. Furthermore, the meaningfulness of the name is also enforced by the cost of registration, the coin supply scarcity, network fees and the transaction fees miners set. This prevent people from registering domain names in a great rush.

Together with proof of work, one can be reasonably sure that the blockchain is the authentic record of the namecoin domain name system. DNS servers will then parse the blockchain database to use as information to serve domain names. Since namecoin is like bitcoin in pretty much many other aspect, it is also decentralized and secure.

In term of technological mutation, namecoin isn't far from bitcoin. It uses an IRC channel for bootstrapping, have the same supply limit of 21 million coins. It is just as fungible, divisible, durable, and rare as bitcoin. It's a little bit more bloated in blockchain size simply because of the records that namecoin have to store. There are a few additional commands for registering and changing details of domain names. We can expect namecoin and bitcoin to share patches for quite a long time. Someday namecoin may diverges so much that patches from the bitcoin codebase become useless, but it is hard to predict the future development path taken by bitcoin and namecoin developers.

The market for namecoins isn't quite robust yet, but it seems to be the case that people mostly exchange only bitcoin for namecoin. This make sense because the bitcoin community drives the adoption of namecoin and the face that namecoin germinates inside the bitcoin community. It is also much safer to exchange namecoin and bitcoin rather than exchange paypal dollars for namecoin. Eventually, a dedicated marketplace, much like mtgox, will pops up to support the exchange of namecoin and bitcoin. Web interfaces, much like mybitcoin.com, will be developed to ease the process of registering domain names. It is also not easy for normal users to visit .bit domains. The best case scenario for adoption is for nameservers all over the world to recognize and make use of the namecoin database. The development of the namecoin market and new tools will be crucial in achieving global domination.

Whatever the historical evolution will be in the future, Namecoin is, in historical term, an unforeseen innovation that happened within a short span of time of Bitcoin's invention. It is one of the first technological jailbreak for Bitcoin technology, and it is unlikely to be the last.